​​​

老外介绍中国： 100 个经典句型

1. 中国有 14.04 亿人，是世界上人口最多的国家。 china is the world's most
populous country, with a population of around 1.404 billion.
2. 中国国土面积约 960 万平方公里，陆地面积位居世界第二位。 Covering
approximately 9.6 million square kilometres (3.7 million square
miles), it is the world's second-largest state by land area.
3. 中国下辖 22 个省， 5 个自治区和 4 个直辖市以及香港和澳门特别行政区，
对台湾拥有主权。 it exercises jurisdiction over 22 provinces, five
autonomous regions, four direct-controlled municipalities and the
Special Administrative Regions Hong Kong and Macau, also claiming
sovereignty over Taiwan.
4. 中国在华北平原肥沃的黄河盆地成为了世界上最早的文明古国之一。 China
emerged as one of the world's earliest civilizations in the fertile
basin of the Yellow River in the North China Plain.
5. 自那时起，中国历经多次领土扩张，分裂和重新统一。 Since then, China
has expanded, fractured, and re-unified numerous times.
6. 自从 1978 年实行经济改革以来，中国的经济增速一直位居世界前列。 Since
the introduction of economic reforms in 1978, China's economy has been
one of the world's fastest-growing.
7. 截止到 2016 年，按名义 gdp 计算，中国成为世界第二大经济体，按购买力
平价计算，中国是世界第一大经济体。 As of 2016, it is the world's
second-largest economy by nominal GDP and largest by purchasing power
parity (PPP).
8. 中国还是世界第一大货物出口国和第二大货物进口国。 China is also the
world's largest exporter and second-largest importer of goods.
9. 中国是一个强国，在亚洲是一个区域大国，已经被定为一个潜在的超级大
国。 China is a great power and a major regional power within Asia, and
has been characterized as a potential superpower.
10. 甲骨文是中国目前发现的最古老的汉字，现代汉字就是直接从甲骨文演变
而来的。 The oracle bone script represents the oldest form of Chinese
writing yet found, and is a direct ancestor of modern Chinese
characters.
11. 周国被削弱后许多国家最终独立，在为期 300 年的春秋时期相互交战不
断。 Many independent states eventually emerged from the weakened Zhou
state and continually waged war with each other in the 300-year Spring
and Autumn period.
12. 到了公元前 5 到公元前 3 世纪的战国时期，在今天的中国版图上出现了战
国七雄。 By the time of the Warring States period of the 5th–3rd
centuries bce, there were seven powerful sovereign states in what is
now China.
13. 中国的第一个皇帝秦始皇比较出名的地方是将战国时期各国的城墙连接起
来形成了长城，不过，如今大部分长城都是明朝修建的。 China’ s First
Emperor, Qin Shi Huang, is famed for having united the Warring States'
walls to form the Great Wall of China. Most of the present structure,
however, dates to the Ming dynasty.
14. 秦国于公元前 221 年打败了其他六国，建立了第一个统一的中国，标志着
战国时期的结束。
The Warring States period ended in 221 bce after the state of Qin
conquered the other six kingdoms and established the first unified
Chinese state.
15. 他在全国实行了法家改革，比较著名的就是强行统一汉字，度量衡和货
币。 He enacted Qin's legalist reforms throughout China, notably the
forced standardization of Chinese characters, measurements, and
currency.
16. 秦朝仅仅持续了 15 年，在始皇帝去世后，由于他采取的严酷专制政策造成
大规模反抗，秦朝很快就覆亡了。 The Qin dynasty lasted only fifteen
years, falling soon after the First Emperor's death, as his harsh
authoritarian policies led to widespread rebellion.
17. 汉朝统治下的中国成为当时世界上最大的经济体，尽管汉朝最开始实施去
中央集权化并正式废弃秦朝的法家理念，采取儒家思想，但是汉朝以及之后的
朝代依然继续采用秦朝的法家体制机制和政策。 Han China gradually became
the largest economy of the ancient world. Despite the Han's initial
decentralization and the official abandonment of the Qin philosophy
of Legali in favor of Confuciani, Qin's legalist institutions and
policies continued to be employed by the Han government and its
successors.
18. 汉朝灭亡后，出现了“三国争霸” 的时期，核心人物后来成为了中国四大
名著之一《三国演义》里的人物原型。
After the end of the Han dynasty, a period of strife known as Three
Kingdoms followed, whose central figures were later immortalized in
one of the Four Classics of Chinese literature.
19. 隋朝让汉人重新执掌中国的统治权，实施了农业和经济改革，修建了大运
河，并扶持佛教的发展。 The Sui restored the Han to power through China,
reformed its agriculture and economy, constructed the Grand C, and
patronized Buddhi.
20. 在之后的唐宋时期，中国的经济，科技和文化进入了发展的黄金时期。大
唐帝国恢复了对西域和丝绸之路的控制，使得长安成为一个大都会。 Under the
succeeding Tang and Song dynasties, Chinese economy, technology, and
culture entered a golden age.The Tang Empire returned control of the
Western Regions and the Silk Road, and made the capital Chang'an a
coopolitan urban center.
21. 但是，公元 8 世纪爆发的安史之乱对唐朝造成重创，唐朝由此衰弱。
However, it was devastated and weakened by the An Shi Rebellion in the
8th century.
22 907 年，地方军事长官变得难以掌控，唐朝彻底瓦解了。 In 907, the Tang
disintegrated completely when the local military governors became
ungovernable.
23. 宋朝是世界历史上第一个发行纸币的政府，也是中国第一个建立常设海军
的政体，这主要得益于发达的造船业和海上贸易。 The Song was the first
government in world history to issue paper money and the first Chinese
polity to establish a permanent standing navy which was supported by
the developed shipbuilding industry along with the sea trade.
24. 公元 10 到 11 世纪，中国人口翻了一番，达到约 1 亿人，这主要得益于中
国中部和南部水稻种植面积的扩大和大量粮食盈余。 Between the 10th and
11th centuries, the population of China doubled in size to around 100
million people, mostly because of the expansion of rice cultivation
in central and southern China, and the production of abundant food
surpluses.
25. 在唐朝蓬勃发展的佛教到了宋朝也出现了复兴。在宋朝时期，山水画艺术
和瓷器工艺达到了新水平，更加成熟和复杂，哲学和艺术领域由此迎来了鼎盛
发展。 The Song dynasty also saw a revival of Confuciani, in response
to the growth of Buddhi during the Tang, and a flourishing of
philosophy and the arts, as landscape art and porcelain were brought
to new levels of maturity and complexity.
26. 在 13 世纪，蒙古族统治了中国。 1271 年，蒙古领袖忽必烈汗建立了元朝，
于 1279 年征服了宋朝的最后残余力量。 The 13th century brought the Mongol
conquest of China. In 1271, the Mongol leader Kublai Khan established
the Yuan dynasty; the Yuan conquered the last remnant of the Song
dynasty in 1279.
27. 在蒙古入侵之前，宋朝统治下的中国人口为 1.2 亿，到 1300 年人口统计时
下降到了 6000 万。 Before the Mongol invasion, the population of Song
China was 120 million citizens; this was reduced to 60 million by the
time of the census in 1300.
28. 在明朝统治时期，中国再次迎来一个黄金时期，建立了当时世界上相当强
大的海军，经济繁荣昌盛，艺术和文化也蓬勃发展。 Under the Ming Dynasty,
China enjoyed another golden age, developing one of the strongest
navies in the world and a rich and prosperous economy amid a
flourishing of art and culture.
29. 郑和下西洋的寻宝之旅正是在这一时期进行的，最远到达了非洲。 It was
during this period that Zheng He led treasure voyages throughout the
world, reaching as far as Africa.
30. 1644 年，李自成率领的农民起义军联盟攻占北京城，北京陷落后，崇祯皇
帝自缢身亡。 In 1644, Beijing was captured by a coalition of peasant
rebel forces led by Li Zicheng. The Chongzhen Emperor committed suicide
when the city fell.
31. 满族人成立的清朝当时雨明朝将领吴三桂联手推翻了李自成短命的“大顺
王朝” ， 随后控制了北京， 北京由此成为了清朝的首都。 The Manchu Qing
dynasty, then allied with Ming dynasty general Wu Sangui, overthrew
Li's short-lived Shun dynasty and subsequently seized control of
Beijing, which became the new capital of the Qing dynasty.
32. 清朝从 1644 年持续到 1912 年，是中国的最后一个帝制王朝。 The Qing
dynasty, which lasted from 1644 until 1912, was the last imperial
dynasty of China.
33. 在征服明朝的过程中， 2500 万人丧生，中国经济实力大幅下降。 Its
conquest of the Ming cost 25 million lives and the economy of China
shrank drastically.
34. 当时加强了中央集权统治，通过重农轻商政策，海禁和文字狱等意识形态
控制来打压反清情绪，由此造成了社会和技术发展停滞不前。 The centralized
autocracy was strengthened to crack down on anti-Qing sentiment with
the policy of valuing agriculture and restraining commerce, the Haijin
("sea ban"), and ideological control as represented by the literary
inquisition, causing social and technological stagnation.
35. 在 19 世纪中叶，清朝在与英法战争中经历了西方帝国主义的侵略。 In
the mid-19th century, the dynasty experienced Western imperiali in
the Opium Wars with Britain and France.
36. 当时中国被迫赔款，开放商埠，允许外国公民有治外法权，并根据第一个
不平等条约，即 1842 年签订的《南京条约》把香港割让给英国。 China was
forced to pay compensation, open treaty ports, allow
extraterritoriality for foreign nationals, and cede Hong Kong to the
British[91] under the 1842 Treaty of Nanking, the first of the Unequal
Treaties.
37. 中日甲午战争后，清政府在朝鲜半岛失势，并将台湾割让给日本。 The
First Sino-Japanese War (1894–95) resulted in Qing China's loss of
influence in the Korean Peninsula, as well as the cession of Taiwan
to Japan.
38. 19 世纪的洋务运动虽然取得了初步成功，但是 19 世纪 80 年代和 90 年代
军事上遭受的一连串挫败也让这种成功前功尽弃。 The initial success of
the Self-Strengthening Movement of the 1860s was frustrated by a series
of military defeats in the 1880s and 1890s.
39. 19 世纪，中国出现了人口大迁徙。除了人口迁移造成的损失外，当时还天
灾人祸不断，如： 1876-1879 年北方的大饥荒造成了 900-1300 万人丧生。 In
the 19th century, the great Chinese diaspora began. Losses due to
emigration were added to by conflicts and catastrophes such as the
Northern Chinese Famine of 1876–79, in which between 9 and 13 million
people died.
40. 1899-1901 年的义和团运动旨在反对外国入侵，但是时运不济，这场运动
进一步削弱了清朝的实力。 The ill-fated anti-foreign Boxer Rebellion of
1899–1901 further weakened the dynasty.
41. 在他们当政期间，中国经济蓬勃发展， 1.5 亿农民摆脱贫困，经济年均增
速保持在 11.2％的水平。
Under their administration, China's economic performance pulled an
estimated 150 million peasants out of poverty and sustained an average
annual gross domestic product growth rate of 11.2%.
42. 中国 2001 年正式加入世贸组织，此后保持了经济的快速发展。 The
country formally joined the World Trade Organization in 2001, and
maintained its high rate of economic growth in the 2000s.
43. 但是，经济的快速发展对国家的资源和环境带来了巨大的压力，造成很多
人被迫迁移。 However, rapid growth also severely impacted the country's
resources and environment, and caused major social displacement.
44. 中国地域辽阔，地貌多元，北部干旱，有戈壁滩和塔克拉玛干沙漠，南部
潮湿，有亚热带森林。 China's landscape is vast and diverse, ranging
from the Gobi and Taklamakan Deserts in the arid north to subtropical
forests in the wetter south.
45. 喜马拉雅、喀喇昆仑、帕米尔和天上山脉将中国与南亚和中亚大部分地区
分割开来。 The Himalaya, Karakoram, Pamir and Tian Shan mountain ranges
separate China from much of South and Central Asia.
46. 长江和黄河分别是世界上第三和第六长的河流，从青藏高原流到人口稠密
的东部沿海地区。 The Yangtze and Yellow Rivers, the third- and sixthlongest in the world, respectively, run from the Tibetan Plateau to
the densely populated eastern seaboard.
47. 中国沿太平洋海岸线长 14,500 公里，有渤海、黄海、东海和南海。
China's coastline along the Pacific Ocean is 14,500 kilometers

(9,000 mi) long and is bounded by the Bohai, Yellow, East China and
South China seas.
48. 中国通过哈萨克边界与欧亚草原相连。欧亚草原从新石器时代开始就通过
草原之路成为东西方交流的动脉。草原之路也是路上丝绸之路的前身。 China
connects through the Kazakh border to the Eurasian Steppe which has
been an artery of communication between East and West since the
Neolithic through the Steppe route – the ancestor of the terrestrial
Silk Road(s).
49. 中华人民共和国按陆地面积计算是仅次于俄罗斯的世界第二大国，根据总
面积定义的不同，中国总面积位居世界第三位（排在俄罗斯和加拿大之后） 或
第四位（排在俄罗斯、加拿大和美国之后） 。 The People's Republic of
China is the second-largest country in the world by land area after
Russia, and is either the third- or fourth-largest by total area,
after Russia, Canada and, depending on the definition of total area,
the United States
50. 中国的陆地边界长度居世界首位， 从鸭绿江到北部湾，全长为 22,117 公
里。 China has the longest combined land border in the world, measuring
22,117 km (13,743 mi) from the mouth of the Yalu River to the Gulf
of Tonkin.
51. 中国的邻国数量为 14 个， 与俄罗斯并列世界首位。 China borders 14
nations, more than any other country except Russia, which also borders
14.
52. 中国占据东亚大部分面积， 在东南亚与越南、老挝和缅甸接壤。此外，中
国的海上邻国包括韩国、日本、越南和菲律宾。 China extends across much
of East Asia, bordering Vietnam, Laos, and Myanmar (Burma) in Southeast
Asia. Additionally, China shares maritime boundaries with South Korea,
Japan, Vietnam, and the Philippines.
53. 中国领土位于北纬 18-54 度、东经 73-135 度之间。 The territory of
China lies between latitudes 18° and 54° N, and longitudes 73° and
135° E.
54. 中国国土辽阔，地貌差别很大。 在东部黄海和东海沿岸，有广袤的冲积平
原，人口众多；在北部内蒙古高原的边缘，主要是广阔的草原。 China's
landscapes vary significantly across its vast width. In the east,
along the shores of the Yellow Sea and the East China Sea, there are
extensive and densely populated alluvial plains, while on the edges
of the Inner Mongolian plateau in the north, broad grasslands
predominate.
55. 华南地区主要是丘陵和海拔较低的山脉，而中东部地区则有沿着中国两大
河流—长江和黄河形成的三角洲。 Southern China is dominated by hills and
low mountain ranges, while the central-east hosts the deltas of China's
two major rivers, the Yellow River and the Yangtze River.
56. 中国西部坐落着主要的山脉，最为著名的是喜马拉雅山。 在北部较为干旱
的地区以高原地貌为主。 To the west sit major mountain ranges, most
notably the Himalayas. High plateaus feature among the more arid
landscapes of the north.
57. 世界最高峰—珠穆朗玛峰海拔 8848 米，位于中国与尼泊尔交界处。 The
world's highest point, Mount Everest (8,848m), lies on the SinoNepalese border.
58. 中国海拔最低的地方是位于吐鲁番盆地的艾丁湖， 湖底干涸， 海拔负 154
米， 是世界上海拔第三低的地方。 The country's lowest point, and the
world's third-lowest, is the dried lake bed of Ayding Lake (-154m) in
the Turpan Depression.
59. 中国气候的主要特点是分为干季和湿润的季风季，这使得冬夏温差明显。
China's climate is mainly dominated by dry seasons and wet monsoons,
which lead to pronounced temperature differences between winter and
summer.
60. 冬天，来自高纬度的北风干冷，夏天，来自低纬度沿海地区的南风湿热。
In the winter, northern winds coming from high-latitude areas are cold
and dry; in summer, southern winds from coastal areas at lower
latitudes are warm and moist.
61. 由于中国地形非常复杂， 各地气候差别很大。 The climate in China
differs from region to region because of the country's highly complex
topography.
62. 中国的一大环境问题是沙漠化面积不断扩大，特别是戈壁滩。 A major
environmental issue in China is the continued expansion of its deserts,
particularly the Gobi Desert.
63. 尽管自 20 世纪 70 年代开始的防护林带建设降低了沙暴发生的频率，但是
每年春季华北地区依然尘暴不断，这主要是因为干旱期延长，农业生产方式不
当造成的。 Although barrier tree lines planted since the 1970s have
reduced the frequency of sandstorms, prolonged drought and poor
agricultural practices have resulted in dust storms plaguing northern
China each spring.
64. 2007 年，中国当时的环保监管部门环保总局称， 中国每年土地沙漠化的面
积达到 4,000 平方公里。 China's environmental watchdog, the then SEPA,
stated in 2007 that China is losing 4,000 km2 (1,500 sq mi) per year
to desertification.
65. 水质、土壤侵蚀和污染防控已经成为中国与他国关系的重点问题。 Water
quality, erosion, and pollution control have become important issues
in China's relations with other countries.
66. 喜马拉雅山脉冰川融化有可能会让数以亿计的人们面临用水短缺的问题。
Melting glaciers in the Himalayas could potentially lead to water
shortages for hundreds of millions of people.
67. 中国是 17 个生物多样最为丰富的国家之一，位于世界两大生态区：古北
区和东洋区。 China is one of 17 megadiverse countries, lying in two of
the world's major ecozones: the Palearctic(,古北区的〔包括欧洲、非洲、
北回归线以北的阿拉伯以及喜马拉亚山脉以北的亚洲部分〕 ) and the
Indomalaya(东洋区 The Indomalaya ecozone is one of the eight ecozones
that cover the planet's land surface. It extends across most of South
and Southeast Asia and into the southern parts of East Asia.).
68. 按照一种衡量标准，中国拥有超过 34,687 种动物和维管植物， 生物多样
位居世界第三位， 仅次于巴西和哥伦比亚 By one measure, China has over
34,687 species of animals and vascular plants, making it the thirdmost biodiverse country in the world, after Brazil and Colombia.
69. 中国拥有至少 551 种哺乳动物（位居世界第三位） 、 1,221 种鸟类（位居
世界第八位） 、 424 种爬行动物（位居世界第七位） 和 333 种两栖动物（位居
世界第七位） 。 China is home to at least 551 species of mammals (the
third-highest such number in the world), 1,221 species of birds
(eighth), 424 species of reptiles (seventh) and 333 species of
amphibians (seventh).
70. 中国是除热带之外在每一个类别中生物种类都最为丰富的国家。 China is
the most biodiverse country in each category outside the tropics.
71. 中国人口数量居世界首位，中国的野生动物与他们共享栖息地，也承受着
人类带来的巨大压力。 Wildlife in China share habitat with and bear
acute pressure from the world's largest population of homo sapiens（智
人（现代人类） the kind or species of human that exists now） .
72. 在中国至少 840 种动物物种面临威胁、处境易危或者濒临本地灭绝，这主
要是因为各种人类活动造成的，如：破坏栖息地、污染、为获取食物、毛皮和
中药药材而进行的偷猎活动。 At least 840 animal species are threatened,
vulnerable or in danger of local extinction in China, due mainly to
human activity such as habitat destruction, pollution and poaching for
food, fur and ingredients for traditional Chinese medicine.
73. 濒危野生动物受到法律保护， 截止到 2005 年，中国有 2349 个自然保护
区，总面积达到 1.4995 亿公顷， 占中国陆地总面积的 15%。白鱀豚最近已经被
确认灭绝。 Endangered wildlife is protected by law, and as of 2005, the
country has over 2,349 nature reserves, covering a total area of 149.95
million hectares, 15 percent of China's total land area.[159] The Baiji
has recently been confirmed extinct.
74. 中国有超过 32,000 种维管植物和多种森林。 China has over 32,000
species of vascular plants, and is home to a variety of forest types.
75. 中国北部主要分布有冷针叶林， 为麋鹿和亚洲黑熊等动物和 120 多种鸟类
提供了栖息地。 Cold coniferous forests predominate in the north of the
country, supporting animal species such as moose and Asian black bear,
along with over 120 bird species.
76. 在中国中部和南部主要分布有亚热带森林，这里有多达 14.6 万种植物物
种。 Subtropical forests, which are predominate in central and southern
China, support as many as 146,000 species of flora.
77. 热带和季节雨林主要分布在云南和海南岛，但是这里的动植物物种站到
中国动植物物种总量的 25%。 Tropical and seasonal rainforests, though
confined to Yunnan and Hainan Island, contain a quarter of all the
animal and plant species found in China.
78. 近数十年来，中国遭受了严重的环境恶化和污染问题。 In recent
decades, China has suffered from severe environmental deterioration
and pollution.
79. 尽管 1979 年通过的《环保法》 等法律法规非常严格，但是执行不力，地方
民众和政府官员为了促进经济的快速发展经常置这些法律法规于不顾。 While
regulations such as the 1979 Environmental Protection Law are fairly
stringent, they are poorly enforced, as they are frequently disregarded
by local communities and government officials in favor of rapid

economic development.
80. 在中国城市空气污染是一个严重的健康问题。 2013 年世界银行估计，世界
上污染最严重的 20 个城市中有 16 个位于中国。 Urban air pollution is a
severe health issue in the country; the World Bank estimated in 2013
that 16 of the world's 20 most-polluted cities are located in China.
81. 中国二氧化碳排放量排在世界首位。 水污染问题也和严重：截止到 2011 年
底， 受工业和农业废弃物污染的河流已经占到河流总数的 40%。 China is the
world's largest carbon dioxide emitter. The country also has
significant water pollution problems: 40% of China's rivers had been
polluted by industrial and agricultural waste by late 2011.
82. 在中国，重金属也造成环境污染。重金属污染是一种非有机的化学危
害，主要由铅、铬、砷、 镉、汞、锌、铜、 钴和镍引起。 In China, heavy
metals also cause environmental pollution. Heavy metal pollution is
an inorganic chemical hazard, which is mainly caused by lead (Pb),
chromium (Cr), arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), mercury (Hg), zinc (Zn),
copper (Cu), cobalt (Co), and nickel (Ni).
83. 其中的五种金属是中国的主要重金属污染物。重金属污染物主要来自于采
矿、污水灌溉、含金属产品制造以及其他相关生产活动。 Five metals among
them are the key heavy metal pollutants in China. Heavy metal
pollutants mainly come from mining, sewage irrigation, the
manufacturing of metal-containing products, and other related
production activities.
84. 高水平的重金属暴露还会造成永久的智力和发育障碍，包括阅读和学习
障碍、行为障碍、听力丧失、注意力不集中、视觉和运动机能发育受损。 High
level of heavy metal exposure can also cause permanent intellectual
and developmental disabilities, including reading and learning
disabilities, behavioral problems, hearing loss, attention problems,
and disruption in the development of visual and motor function.
85. 但是，中国是世界上可再生能源以及可再生能源商业化的第一大投资国，
仅 2011 年就为此投入了 520 亿美元。 However, China is the world's leading
investor in renewable energy and its commercialization, with
$52 billion invested in 2011 alone.
86. 中国是可再生能源技术的制造大国，对大规模可再生能源项目进行大力投
资。 It is a major manufacturer of renewable energy technologies and
invests heavily in local-scale renewable energy projects.
87. 到 2015 年，可再生能源对中国能源消费的贡献率超过 24%，水电贡献最
大：中国水电装机容量达到 197 吉瓦，位居世界首位。 By 2015, over 24% of
China's energy was derived from renewable sources, while most notably
from hydroelectric power: a total installed capacity of 197 GW makes
China the largest hydroelectric power producer in the world.
88. 中国的光伏发电和风力发电装机容量也均居世界首位。 China also has
the largest power capacity of installed solar photovoltaics system and
wind power system in the world.
89. 2011 年，中国政府宣布计划在今后 10 年间斥资 4 万亿元进行水利基础设
施和海水淡化项目建设，并到 2020 年建成一个防洪抗旱体系。 In 2011, the
Chinese government announced plans to invest four trillion yuan (US$619
billion) in water infrastructure and desalination projects over a tenyear period, and to complete construction of a flood prevention and
anti-drought system by 2020.
90. 2013 年，中国开始实施一项为期 5 年、总投资额为 2770 亿美元的项目，
来减少空气污染， 特别是中国北部地区的空气污染。 In 2013, China began a
five-year, US$277 billion effort to reduce air pollution, particularly
in the north of the country.
91. 中华人民共和国分为 22 个省、 5 个自治区（每个区用一个主要的少数民族
命名） 、 4 个直辖市和 2 个特别行政区（享有一定程度的政治自治权） The
People's Republic of China is divided into 22 provinces, five
autonomous regions, each with a designated minority group; four
municipalities; and two Special Administrative Regions (SARs) which
enjoy a degree of political autonomy.
92. 这 31 个省级区划可以统称为“中国大陆或内地” ，这种叫法通常不包括香
港和澳门特别行政区。从地理分布来看， 31 个省级区划可以分为 6 个地区，
即， 华北、东北、华东、中南、西南和西北。 These 31 provincial-level
divisions can be collectively referred to as "mainland China", a term
which usually excludes two SARs of Hong Kong and Macau. Geographically,
all 31 provincial divisions can be grouped into six regions, including
North China, Northeast China, East China, South Central China,
Southwest China and Northwest China.
93. 中国目前的外交政策是以周恩来总理提出的“和平共处五项原则” 为基
础，秉承“和而不同” 的理念，鼓励意识形态不同的国家之间发展外交关系。
Much of current Chinese foreign policy is based on Premier Zhou Enlai's
Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence, and is also driven by the
concept of "harmony without uniformity", which encourages diplomatic
relations between states despite ideological differences.
94. 近几十年来，中国在呼吁亚太邻国间建立自贸区并签署安全协定方面发挥
了日益重要的作用。 In recent decades, China has played an increasing
role in calling for free trade areas and security pacts amongst its
Asia-Pacific neighbours.
95. 中国于 2001 年 12 月 11 日成为世贸组织的成员， 2004 年，中国提议设立
全新的“东亚峰会” 作为讨论地区安全问题的论坛。 China became a member
of the World Trade Organization (WTO) on 11 December 2001. In 2004,
it proposed an entirely new East Asia Summit (EAS) framework as a
forum for regional security issues.
96. 东亚峰会包括东盟 10+3、印度、澳大利亚和新西兰，于 2005 年举行了第
一次峰会。 The EAS, which includes ASEAN Plus Three, India, Australia
and New Zealand, held its inaugural summit in 2005.
97. 美国是中国最为重要的出口市场，中国对美国有很大的贸易顺差。 China
has a significant trade surplus with the United States, its most
important export market.
98. 21 世纪第二个十年早期，美国的政治家们称人民币被人为严重贬值，让中
国获得贸易优势， 称这是不公平的。 In the early 2010s, US politicians
argued that the Chinese yuan was significantly undervalued, giving
China an unfair trade advantage.
99. 近数十年以来，中国一直奉行与非洲国家开展贸易往来和双边合作的政
策。 2012 年，中非贸易超过 1600 亿美元。 In recent decades, China has
followed a policy of engaging with African nations for trade and
bilateral co-operation; in 2012, Sino-African trade totalled over
US$160 billion.
100. 中国还进一步加强了与南美主要经济体的关系， 成为巴西的第一大贸易伙
伴，并与阿根廷建立了战略关系。 China has furthermore strengthened its
ties with major South American economies, becoming the largest trading
partner of Brazil and building strategic links with Argentina.

​​​​